Gastrointestinal infections

Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, and cow milk (lactose) intolerance can cause similar digestive symptoms, such as diarrhea, fatigue, and abdominal pain. The causes and treatment of these conditions are very different and vary from food intolerance, chronic inflammation conditions to autoimmune diseases. However, all of them include immune system disorders and are associated with circulating (auto)antibodies. The specific antibodies represent blood biomarkers to diagnose and differentiate the digestive disorders and aid an appropriate treatment.